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origin and migration Siberian cranes are originated from arctic tundra near Siberia,where winters are long enough and survival is difficult.Thus they migrate in winter to Iran,Pakistan and then to India in Rajasthan. Camping in Pakistan In Pakistan the birds camp near Indus river banks.Indus river has the longest delta,wetland and water reservoirs.The main flyway of Siberian cranes lies in Pakistan as the biodiversity of Pakistan is quite suitable.Indus river and its surroundings are the main spots of camping.In pakistan the main entry point is Balochistan.The main entry point in Balochistan is Dalbandin and the last point of leaving is Zhob.From Zhob they enter in DIKhan area of KPK.Indus river is flowing near DIkhan.Various crowds of cranes along with other migrant birds are most commonly seen in Taunsa barrage,Indus bank near DIKhan,and Chashma barrage along Indus delta.Some cranes also camp in Kurram river near Lakki Marwat,Luni torrent water near Kulachi and Tank.These cranes make their way from Bannu and Parachinar.Taunsa barrage and Chashma barrage are the most ideal camping spots of cranes as they provide moist wet land,and ideal habitat for living. These birds are coming in Pakistan from an unknown period.An old survey reported ten lacs birds migration in this area but at present due to various reasons including hunting, the figure is quite low.The migration season started from september to march.The cover the distance of 4500 km from Siberia to Pakistan.their main diet is grass and fish as they are omnivorous.
siberian crane in pakistan The crane migrate in pakistan from rout no 4 of international fly zone called as Indus fly zone.Another entry point of these crane is from Afghanistan and enter Miran shah in north Waziristan,Bannu and Kohat.The crane always follow warm areas in search of warm waters.The specie comes in the list of endangered species as the population is vanishing with the passage of time.However WWF and other organisations have worked for siberian crane habitat conservation in all countries on route of cranes.
It is also known as pickwickian syndrome.It is a condition in which obese people have high level of carbon dioxide and very low level of oxygen in blood.This is due to very difficult breathing.Obesity creat sleeping -disordered respiratory problems that disturb patient day to day quality of life and its economic status.It is a syndrome in which overweight people under breath.The BMI of such people is greater than 30 kg/m2.It can be happen mostly at night when obese people suffer from sleep apnea in which they have difficulty in sleeping.There arterial Co2 tension is greater than 45 mmHg.Sleep apnea is considered as life threatening condition for the people with OHS.People with BMI more than 30 kg/m2 have more stress of their extra weight, their oxygen level remains low but their carbon dioxide level remain very high.Drop oxygen level constrict lung vessels,it became very difficult for the heart to pump into lungs for blood oxygenation.This produce more pressure in pulmonary artery cause pulmonary hypertension.Due to forced pumping into lungs ventricle of heart enlarged and possibility of heart failure increases.The patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) have often raised CO2 levels ,so should be treated first,before diagnosing OHS. symptoms Most common symptoms appear at prognosis are snoring,ventilatory insufficiency with slow or stopped breathing,drowsiness and shortness of breath. Obstructive sleep apnea occur due to blocking of airways during sleep that sends an alarming signal to brain for reopening of airways that cause awakening during sleep. Body symptoms Swelling around ankles,wheezy chest with pain are common symptoms.These symptoms are in combination with obesity,apnea and hypercapnia(elevated carbon dioxide level in blood) Treatments The most suitable treatment is weight loss and non invasive positive air pressure(pap) is also very necessary.Continuous positive airway pressure device (CPAP) is a good method for non invasive positive air pressure and should be use for patient with sleep apnea.In sleep apnea,there is sleep-disordered breathing.Continuous positive pressure ventilation keep the throat open and boost the breath of patient by more oxygen gets in and more carbon dioxide flushes outside.To get better results with CPAP,some of the very important considerations are as fallow. 1.CPEP will only supply enough supply of oxygen,if the seal around the airways will tight enough.Ensure the tightening after installation of machine. 2.The air supplied from CPEP can cause dryness of the mouth and throat.A humidifier attachment is necessary. 3.Machine tubes and all parts should be well cleaned and free from any contamination.
how to treat obesity hypoventilation syndrome
In very severe case doctor can recommend tracheostomy in which an opening is made in trachea just below vocal cards and a tube is inserted in the opening for respiration.
Recommendations 1.Serum bicarbonate level of patient with obesity patient, that is suspected to have OHS,should be less than 27 mmol/litre 2. Ambulatory patient with OHS should receive positive airway pressure. 3. Continuous positive airway pressure should be preferred over non invasive ventilation 4. Patient hospitalized for breath failure and suspected to have OHS must be treated with noninvasive ventilation and after diagnosis with positive air pressure treatment.Further home ventilation and indoor air quality should be better. 5.In an article published by American thoracic society, weight loss is the best option to control various symptoms of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Patient should be advised for weight loss upto 30 percent of his body weight ,more preferably by bariatric surgery.Physical activity is also recommended for weight loss.Smoking should be avoided, including passive smoking. see also 1.mental illness and obesity 2.dietary management for obesity
Male androgenic alopecia (MAA) is a most common cause of male baldness that is called as male-pattern hair loss.It is the result of DHT(di-hydro-testosterone) increase in body.Actually testosteron is a hormone produced in male and is converted into DHT.An enzyme 5 alpha reductase is responsible for this conversion.DHT is responsible to give male characteristics to an individual from fetal to puberty growth.5 to 10 %conversion is a normal process but if more testosterone is converted in DHT then extra quantity accumulate in hair follicles by DHT receptors.This make hair thin.
how to stop hair fall men
According to a survey 66% American suffer baldness after 35 and 85 % suffer from thinning of air after 50.There are various myths about hair fall but having no realities.
how to stop hair fall men
Hair fall from 50 to 100 hairs per day is considered as normal but if more you have to block DHT increase.There are various strategies for blocking extra DHT.
ways to stop hair fall 1.Foods. Foods rich in lycopene and L- lysine helps more in controlling DHT naturally.Lycopene is found more in tomatoes,watermelon,mangoes and carrots,while L- lysine rich foods are eggs,meat,peas,soya bean,and cheese. 2.Medications.There are various medicines use for baldness in men.Most commonly used are as fallow. Finasteride. Brand name Propecia is available in the marketin pills form.This is called as 5alpha- reductase inhibitor and block DHT upto 70%.Some major side effects are impotence and depression so must be taken with the guidance of consultant.However a study published in NCBI about efficacy of finasteride,tested on pileous patients with androgenic alopecia.Finasteride was effective for treating AGA patients who were pileous on other parts of body.Dutasteride.Block DHT upto 90%.It is not FDA approved. Minoxidil.Brand name Rogaine and is available in the foam formulation for gentle massage on scalp. Ketoconazole shampoo.Brand name Nizoral having ketoconazole as DHT synthesis blocker. 3.Hair transplant.In this surgery hair follicles are relocated by surgical procedure.It is very costly.Small groups of tissues with hair follicles are taken from back of the head,separated and prepared for transplantation.There are certain problems in technique,such as preserving donar hair,skilful surgical technique,limiting hair loss and developing the means to replenish hairs 4.LASER Therapy.Also known as low level laser therapy.In this therapy photons are irradiates in scalp tissue for absorption in weak hair cells for regrowth.It is more tolerable than hair transplant. 5.Scalp micropigmentation.It is a hair tattoo in which dots are made on bald head, made a glance of hair cutting style along with thin hairs. Other causes of hair fall Other reasons are diet,medications, anxiety,mineral deficiencies and genetics.Stress and pollution is also some causes of hair falls.Some preventions and supplementations can safeguard against baldness.Some researcher believe that hair fall may be a sign of heart diseases other believe that diet rich in fats and cholesterol may cause hair fall. Skin allergy may be a reason. General lifestyle and dietary measures Spinach.Eat spinach because it has iron as supplement and sebum as a natural conditioner for hairs. Sunflower seeds.Sunflower edible oil is easily available.It has pantothenic acid Vitamin B5 that increase blood flow in scalp and hair follicles for the better hair growth Omega 3 fatty acids. Omega 3 fatty acids are best anti inflammatory supplements.Omega 3 fatty acids is an essential fatty acids for hair growth,found in Salmon,sardines and some other fish. Vitamin C. Very important for blood circulation.If too little in diet cause hair breakage. Found in tomato and citrus. Lentils.Rich in biotin,zinc and proteins for good hair growth. Walnuts.Having omega 3,copper and other minerals for hair growth. Vitamin D.Vitamin D give a boost to hair growth.Good source is sun light. Exercise.Exercise help to increase blood flow in scalp and hairs,stimulate hair growth. Reduce anxiety and live relax.Stress trigger hair fall,cool mind stimulate hair growth. Eggs,whole grains ,carrots and avocado.Having proteins,biotin,vitamin A,and vitamin E respectively for hair growth. see also food for shining skin
mental illness and obesity A study conducted by national epidemiological survey on alcohol and related conditions(NESARC) found that there is a strong connection between psychological conditions including anxiety and depression with body weight of a person.Mood and anxiety disorders were most commonly found in both women and men with BMI more than normal.By reducing body weight towards normal BMI a person can get relief from various psychological issues.Information of BMI,regarding weight perception of an overweight person is very important to diagnose obesity relation with mental illness. In our society weight based discrimination is quite common.Overweight people are often observed with critical eye in various assessments,that create disparity and depression and loneliness .These thoughts further interfere in their daily life and made them isolated.Psychiatry described them as mentally ill and give various treatments to overcome their anxiety and depression.A review of these treatments is very necessary to treat their mental illness beside weight loss program. In people with anxiety disorders more appetite and more eating is observed very commonly.
mental illness and obesity
Another reason of obesity due to mental illness is dysregulation in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis due to stress that trigger obesity especially in upper body portion. Extreme stress create hunger and you eat more to cope with that specific stress.That situation need ultimate diagnosis by a psychiatrist prior to starting any weight loss program. Mental illness in children leads to obesity
mental illness and obesity
Children of working parents in special live in isolation and develop the habit of eating junk foods to reduce stress.The habit of taking more calories make them obese in future.The obesity in children is rising day by day.it need special intervention of parents for their healthy future.The parents should involve their children in physical activity and limit their indoor activities such as video games that leads to obesity.They should provide their children healthy meals such as fruits ,vegetables,lean meat and low fat dairy products rather than burger,chips and donuts.Parents should educate their children about the importance of food nutrition so that they should be well aware about future consequences of malnutrition. see also 1.what are the signs of anxiety 2.dietary management obesity 3.obesity and diabetes risk
good cholesterol is also known as high density lipoprotein(HDL).Good cholesterol remove plaque from arteries.plaque in the coronary and carotid arteries is the main reason of heart and brain strokes.High density of HDL may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases,and cancer.cholesterol isthick fluid produced in the liver and transported to other body parts for various important functions like hormones,bile and vitamin d synthesis.This function is performed by two proteins. 1.Low density lipoproteins(LDL). It carry cholesterol to other body tissues. Thus if produced in large quantity,its deposited in arterial walls and produced plaque.This forms obstruction in blood flow and leads to stroke. 2.High density lipoproteins(HDL). It remove all the extra plaque from the arteries and bring it back to liver for recycling.Thus it prevent the body from strokes. Good cholesterol ratio in the body always indicate the health of a person.good cholesterol and bad cholesterol ratio should be monitor.if HDL are lower and LDL are more than risk of strokes increases.and if HDL are more than LDL, then the risk will be lower.So for a healthy heart and brain, HDL level should be greater than LDL level. Healthy level of HDL cholesterol Man.40 to 60 mg/deciliter woman.50 to 60 mg/deciliter Lifestyle modifications and foods for improving good cholesterol
how to improve good cholesterol
Many times there are conditions combined to gather and produce hypercholesterolemia that increase the risk of heart stroke .Among these conditions diabetes,obesity and high blood pressure are most prevailing factors.Lifestyle modifications and foods changes with functional foods that improve good cholesterol, play a better role in this situation.Healthy diet reduce LDL and also reduce obesity and diabetes risks ,for example if we drink full cream milk then it will raise LDL and lower HDL but when we will take skim milk(without fats milk) then LDL level will not increase.In this way physical activity such as running reduces obesity and increase HDL.Avoid butter because it has more fats.It increases LDL, avoid cheese as well because it has 25 grams fats in 100 gms quantity.Use white meat because it has minimum fats, avoid liver recipes because it has more cholesterol.Eat more salads because that have more fibers, good for HDL level maintenance. Among oils use MUFA (MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS),like as ground nuts, brassica and olive oils, that increase HDL cholesterol.You can also take PUFA (POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS) that do not increase cholesterol but also not increase HDL.Dry fruits like almonds cashew nuts, increase HDL.Omega 3 fatty acids also good for lower bad cholesterol that is present in walnuts. Smoking damages the arteries and the risk of plaque building increases on arteries.this increases bad cholesterol and decreases good cholesterol,quitting smoking actually increases hdl level and reduce risk of heart attack.Certain drugs like rosuvastatin,simvastatin and niacin lower LDL and increase HDL.Some other drugs like anabolic steroids and synthetic testosterone reduces HDL. see also 1.Reduce cholesterol without drugs 2.Diabetes and heart disease
